his study investigates how economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, investment, and water-use pressure are affecting ecological sustainability in Somalia. Using annual data from 1990–2022, the authors provide the first empirical test of the Load Capacity Curve hypothesis for Somalia, applying a Fourier ARDL model alongside unit-root and Granger-causality a

A new study published in Cogent Food & Agriculture examines how conflict, food inflation, and climate change have shaped food availability in Somalia over the past two decades. Using monthly data from 2001–2021, the researchers combine machine-learning models with vector autoregression and time-varying Granger causality to assess how the relative importance of t

Balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability remains a defining challenge for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A recent study investigates how clean energy, digitalization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and industrialization influence ecological outcomes across 38 SSA countries between 2001 and 2020. Using advanced econometric techniques, the research uncov

Rising food prices continue to threaten economic stability and social well-being across the Arab world. This study investigates how food inflation influences poverty levels in 14 Arab countries from 2001 to 2020, with a focus on the moderating roles of rural development and institutional quality. Utilizing panel econometric models, including the panel corrected standa