Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal has been a part of the international environmental agenda since the early 1980s. It was included as a priority area in the United Nations Environment Programme’s first Montevideo Programme in 1981. Adopted on March 22, 1989, in Basel, Switzerland, the […]
Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty established in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Its primary goal is to promote the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD aims to address the […]
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty established in 1992 with the goal of addressing the global issue of climate change. It provides a framework for negotiating and implementing measures to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts. The convention emphasizes the principle of common but differentiated resp
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is a significant global initiative that focuses on addressing the complex challenges presented by desertification, land degradation, and drought. By promoting international collaboration, advocating for sustainable land management techniques, and empowering local communities, the convention plays a pivota
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is an international treaty that defines the rights and responsibilities of countries regarding the use and conservation of the world’s oceans and their resources. It was adopted in 1982 and has been signed and ratified by a large number of countries. UNCLOS establishes rules […]
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a pivotal international agreement established to address the critical issue of preserving endangered species and their habitats. Enacted in 1975, CITES seeks to regulate and manage the global trade of wild animals and plants, particularly those at risk due to […]
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the CMS or the Bonn Convention, is an international treaty aimed at conserving and managing migratory species and their habitats. Adopted in 1979, the convention brings together countries and organizations to work towards the protection of species that migrate across national [&hell
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Somalia’s inaugural National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is aimed to establish a strategic framework for the systematic rehabilitation and conservation of the country’s biodiversity. It aims to promote sustainable utilization of biodiversity services and products while ensuring equitable distribution of benefits and responsibilities among
National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Framework
Somalia is facing significant challenges due to climate change and its associated variability. The country is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as frequent and severe droughts and floods, which are compounding the existing fragility of the nation. In the absence of effective and well-coordinated response measures, these climate change effects ar
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. The protocol was adopted in 1997 and went into effect in 2005. Under the protocol, industrialized countries, known as Annex 1 […]