Extreme climate events are becoming the norm in Somalia. In the past three decades, the country has faced many ecological crises. The natural environmental ecosystems in Somalia face significant challenges. The country has grappled with climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation and weak environmental governance. on the other hand, there are climate entrepren

The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of substances known to cause ozone depletion. These substances include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, and other ozone-depleting chemicals. The protocol was adopted in 1987 and has been a

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer adopted in 1985 aimed toprotect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting frommodifications of the ozone layer. It was followed shortly afterwards by the adoption of itsMontreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987.The ozone layer serves as a […]

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is an international treaty established to address the harmful effects of certain toxic chemicals that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in living organisms, and pose risks to human health and ecosystems. The convention aims to eliminate or restrict the production, use, and release of these POPs,

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international treaty under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It addresses the safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology, to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The protocol promotes information sharing and risk assessment, aiming to m

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty established in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Its primary goal is to promote the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD aims to address the […]