Fostering a Sustainable Future in Somalia: Examining the Effects of Industrialization, Energy Consumption, and Urbanization on Environmental Sustainability 

This study examines the effects of energy consumption, industrialization, and urbanization on environmental sustainability in Somalia from 1990 to 2020. The analysis demonstrates that energy consumption significantly contributes to environmental pollution due to Somalia’s reliance on fossil fuels and biomass, while industrialization, despite its modest scale in the country, reduces environmental pollution over time. Urbanization does not show a statistically significant impact on environmental degradation in the long term but creates infrastructure challenges and worsens waste management, indirectly impacting sustainability. The study highlights the importance of transitioning to renewable energy, adopting green industrialization strategies, implementing effective urban planning, and developing regulatory frameworks to mitigate environmental degradation and ensure sustainable development in Somalia.